Optimalisasi Pengawasan Karantina Muatan Impor Melalui Pendekatan Manajemen Risiko di Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas
Keywords:
Komoditas Impor, Manajemen Risiko, Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas, Sumber Daya Manusia, Karantina
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan karantina muatan impor di Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko dominan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pengawasan karantina, serta merumuskan model optimalisasi pengawasan berbasis manajemen risiko yang dapat diimplementasikan secara operasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian campuran (mixed methods research) yang mengintegrasikan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara berurutan. Desain penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitik. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS, sedangkan analisis data kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas sumber daya manusia karantina sebagai determinan paling dominan dari efektivitas pengawasan, dengan koefisien Beta terstandarisasi sebesar 0,412 yang signifikan pada taraf p<0,01. Rasio beban kerja petugas yang melampaui kapasitas optimal hingga 56-95 persen pada musim puncak impor, defisit kapasitas area pemeriksaan sebesar 58,3 persen, fragmentasi sistem informasi antarinstansi yang menyebabkan duplikasi pemeriksaan pada 23,1 persen kontainer, serta belum terlembaganya mekanisme inspeksi berbasis risiko di tingkat operasional. Kesimpulanny kapasitas sumber daya manusia karantina terbukti menjadi determinan paling dominan terhadap efektivitas pengawasan, sementara tingginya profil risiko komoditas impor terbukti berkorelasi negatif dengan efektivitas pengawasan dalam sistem yang masih bersifat seragam dan tidak berbasis risiko.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Adams, & Cox, A. L. (2008). Questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus groups. Cambridge University Press. http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521870122&ss=toc
Biswas, S., Belamkar, P., Sarma, D., Tirkolaee, E. B., & Bera, U. K. (2025). A multi-objective optimization approach for resource allocation and transportation planning in institutional quarantine centres. Annals of Operations Research, 346(2), 781–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-024-06072-8
Eisinga, R., Grotenhuis, M. T., & Pelzer, B. (2013). The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown? International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3
Fadilah, Y. (2023). Analisis Risiko Untuk Pengawasan Impor Terkait Implementasi Kebijakan Post Border. Trade Policy Journal, 2(1), 65–70.
Hounye, A. H., Pan, X., Zhao, Y., Cao, C., Wang, J., Venunye, A. M., Xiong, L., Chai, X., & Hou, M. (2025). Significance of supervision sampling in control of communicable respiratory disease simulated by a new model during different stages of the disease. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 3787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86739-9
Hulme, P. E. (2021). Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide. One Earth, 4(5), 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.015
Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design: From Theory to Practice. Field Methods, 18(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05282260
Kristiyanti, M., Rosita, N. D., Hermawati, R., Khamdilah, A., Kundori, K., & Mawardi, K. (2024). Logistics digitalization on import document activities: Electronic delivery orders and service quality in maritime ports. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(1), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.9.029
Liao, D., Lyu, T., & Li, J. (2022). United by Contagion: How Can China Improve Its Capabilities of Port Infectious Disease Prevention and Control? Healthcare, 10(8), 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081359
Martin, R. R., Constable, F., & Tzanetakis, I. E. (2016). Quarantine Regulations and the Impact of Modern Detection Methods. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 54(1), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100105
Narut, M. G. P., Nursalam, N., Seran, D. A. N., & Mau, A. O. E. (2025). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2019 Tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan Dan Tumbuhan Pada Balai Karantina Hewan, Ikan Dan Tumbuhan Ntt (Studi Karantina Hewan). Journal Education and Government Wiyata, 3(2), 566–578. https://doi.org/10.71128/e-gov.v3i2.319
Nugraha, A. S., & Azisah, N. (2025). Handling Dangerous Goods Issues Based On Radio Frequency Identification as An Export-Import Solution. Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society. https://doi.org/10.62012/mp.vi.44149
Pranyoto, P., Riyanto, Kundori, K., & Muliawan, I. N. G. (2020). Optimalisasi Relokasi Petikemas Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Dalam Menunjang Kegiatan Bongkar Muat Pada PT. ABC: Pranyoto, Riyanto, Kundori*, I Nyoman Gede Muliawan. Jurnal Sains Teknologi Transportasi Maritim, 2(2), 33–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51578/j.sitektransmar.v2i2.26
Pratiwi, M. A., Tiyasiningsih, E., & Fani, L. A. (2024). Digital Human Resource Management in Maritime Enterprises. BIO Web of Conferences, 134, 05003. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413405003
Stubbings, G. (2005). The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/ae944e/ae944e00.pdf
Waris, Budiman, & Aryani. (2025). Staff Expectancies in Conducting Ship Hygiene and Sanitation Inspections: A Qualitative Study at Banten Class I Port Health Quarantine Office. Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/ihpa.v10i2.1138
Widiatmaka, F. P., Prasetyo, A. N., Suherman, S., Sularno, H., Cahyadi, T., Pranyoto, P., Fitrianingsih, A., Kundori, K., & Sukrisno, S. (2024). Quality of Transportation Infrastructure and Trade Facilities: Opportunities and Challenges in Increasing Trade and Economic Productivity. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 18(3), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.18.03.05
Zhou, Y., Yang, H., Bai, X., & Ma, Z. (2024). Impact of quarantine policies on port network performance and robustness during pandemics: A simulation-based analysis. Maritime Policy & Management, 51(7), 1315–1333. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2159090
Biswas, S., Belamkar, P., Sarma, D., Tirkolaee, E. B., & Bera, U. K. (2025). A multi-objective optimization approach for resource allocation and transportation planning in institutional quarantine centres. Annals of Operations Research, 346(2), 781–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-024-06072-8
Eisinga, R., Grotenhuis, M. T., & Pelzer, B. (2013). The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown? International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3
Fadilah, Y. (2023). Analisis Risiko Untuk Pengawasan Impor Terkait Implementasi Kebijakan Post Border. Trade Policy Journal, 2(1), 65–70.
Hounye, A. H., Pan, X., Zhao, Y., Cao, C., Wang, J., Venunye, A. M., Xiong, L., Chai, X., & Hou, M. (2025). Significance of supervision sampling in control of communicable respiratory disease simulated by a new model during different stages of the disease. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 3787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86739-9
Hulme, P. E. (2021). Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide. One Earth, 4(5), 666–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.015
Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design: From Theory to Practice. Field Methods, 18(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05282260
Kristiyanti, M., Rosita, N. D., Hermawati, R., Khamdilah, A., Kundori, K., & Mawardi, K. (2024). Logistics digitalization on import document activities: Electronic delivery orders and service quality in maritime ports. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(1), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.9.029
Liao, D., Lyu, T., & Li, J. (2022). United by Contagion: How Can China Improve Its Capabilities of Port Infectious Disease Prevention and Control? Healthcare, 10(8), 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081359
Martin, R. R., Constable, F., & Tzanetakis, I. E. (2016). Quarantine Regulations and the Impact of Modern Detection Methods. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 54(1), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100105
Narut, M. G. P., Nursalam, N., Seran, D. A. N., & Mau, A. O. E. (2025). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2019 Tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan Dan Tumbuhan Pada Balai Karantina Hewan, Ikan Dan Tumbuhan Ntt (Studi Karantina Hewan). Journal Education and Government Wiyata, 3(2), 566–578. https://doi.org/10.71128/e-gov.v3i2.319
Nugraha, A. S., & Azisah, N. (2025). Handling Dangerous Goods Issues Based On Radio Frequency Identification as An Export-Import Solution. Maritime Park: Journal of Maritime Technology and Society. https://doi.org/10.62012/mp.vi.44149
Pranyoto, P., Riyanto, Kundori, K., & Muliawan, I. N. G. (2020). Optimalisasi Relokasi Petikemas Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Dalam Menunjang Kegiatan Bongkar Muat Pada PT. ABC: Pranyoto, Riyanto, Kundori*, I Nyoman Gede Muliawan. Jurnal Sains Teknologi Transportasi Maritim, 2(2), 33–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51578/j.sitektransmar.v2i2.26
Pratiwi, M. A., Tiyasiningsih, E., & Fani, L. A. (2024). Digital Human Resource Management in Maritime Enterprises. BIO Web of Conferences, 134, 05003. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413405003
Stubbings, G. (2005). The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/ae944e/ae944e00.pdf
Waris, Budiman, & Aryani. (2025). Staff Expectancies in Conducting Ship Hygiene and Sanitation Inspections: A Qualitative Study at Banten Class I Port Health Quarantine Office. Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/ihpa.v10i2.1138
Widiatmaka, F. P., Prasetyo, A. N., Suherman, S., Sularno, H., Cahyadi, T., Pranyoto, P., Fitrianingsih, A., Kundori, K., & Sukrisno, S. (2024). Quality of Transportation Infrastructure and Trade Facilities: Opportunities and Challenges in Increasing Trade and Economic Productivity. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 18(3), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.18.03.05
Zhou, Y., Yang, H., Bai, X., & Ma, Z. (2024). Impact of quarantine policies on port network performance and robustness during pandemics: A simulation-based analysis. Maritime Policy & Management, 51(7), 1315–1333. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2159090
1.png){kind=small}
